What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The correct response identifies the two distinct divisions that make up the United States Congress, which are the House of Representatives and the Senate. This bicameral structure is fundamental to the legislative branch of the U.S. government and is established by the Constitution.

The House of Representatives is made up of representatives elected by the public, with the number from each state determined by its population. This body is designed to reflect the current public sentiment more closely, as representatives serve shorter terms and are directly accountable to their constituents.

The Senate, on the other hand, consists of two senators from each state regardless of population, serving longer terms, which allows for a more stable and deliberative legislative process. This arrangement was intended by the framers of the Constitution to balance the interests of populous states with those of smaller states.

The other choices refer to legislative bodies or structures outside of the U.S. system. The House of Commons and House of Lords belong to the United Kingdom’s Parliament, while the mention of the Senate and Executive suggests a misunderstanding of the separation of powers, as the Executive branch operates independently of Congress. The pairing of Senate with Congress is inaccurate because Congress is the collective term for both the House and Senate, rather than comprising them alone.